Cold, wind, and snow are the main elements to keep in mind when deciding how to dress properly. Occasionally, rainy or wet conditions are a factor. Check the weather before you go.
Level of physical intensity
For low intensity activities you need to dress on the warm side. You won’t be moving and, chances are, the more time you spend outside the colder you will get.
For moderate and particularly for high intensity activities, you need to under-dress. In other words, you need to feel a bit cold before you start. You will be getting warm from working out and if you are overdressed you will perspire much more, get wet, then cold and uncomfortable. The clothing should be light, multi-layered and easily removed. Also, always have an extra layer to put on for when you stop and take a break. More on layering below. Remember to bring water on high intensity activities.
Layering
Layering lets you add and remove layers and adjust your comfort.
The first layer should be formfitting and should be a material to keep you dry. Synthetics are great as they wick away moisture. Cotton is a definite no-no: Once wet it stays wet. The second layer, or insulating layer, will keep you warm like a fleece or wool sweater (Insulating layer can actually be more than one layer). The third layer would be a waterproof or water-resistant shell or insulated shell to protect you from the wind, snow, and any wetness. Ideal shell fabrics are breathable.
Hands and feet
Mitts are much warmer than gloves as they don’t isolate the fingers. Another option for those with chronically cold hands and feet are hand warmers. These are tiny envelopes containing a product that reacts and creates heat when taken out of its packaging and exposed to air. You shove them in your boot or mittens and voila, heat. Warm wool socks are best for keeping your feet warm. Make sure they are not too tight. And adding a layer like a sweater or even a hat will help too! Your body will reduce blood flow to the extremities when your core is even a tiny bit cold.
Head
Remember we lose a lot of body heat from our heads. It’s important to wear something on your head, like a tuque (that’s what Canadians call a knit or insulated cap!)
Extras
On all of our activities you may bring a small packsack to bring any extra clothing with you.